Monday 16 April 2012

My Project

2-D Movie:




INTRODUCTION TO ANIMATION

            Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork or model positions to create an illusion of movement. The effect is an optical illusion of motion due to the phenomenon of persistence of vision, and can be created and demonstrated in several ways. The most common method of presenting animation is as a motion picture or video program, although there are other methods.

Computer animation
            Computer animation encompasses a variety of techniques, the unifying factor being that the animation is created digitally on a computer. This animation takes less time than previous traditional animation.
2D animation
2D animation figures are created and/or edited on the computer using 2D bitmap graphics or created and edited using 2D vector graphics. This includes automated computerized versions of traditional animation techniques such as of, interpolatedmorphing, onion skinning and interpolatedrotoscoping.
2D animation has many applications, including analog computer animation, Flash animation and PowerPoint animation. Cinema graphs are still photographs in the form of an animated GIF file of which part is animated.
3D animation
3D animation is digitally modeled and manipulated by an animator. To manipulate a mesh, it is given a digital skeletal structure that can be used to control the mesh. This process is called rigging. Various other techniques can be applied, such as mathematical functions (ex. gravity, particle simulations), simulated fur or hair, effects such as fire and water and the use of motion capture to name but a few, these techniques fall under the category of 3D dynamics. Well-made 3D animations can be difficult to distinguish from live action and are commonly used as visual effects for recent movies. Toy Story (1995, USA) is the first feature-length film to be created and rendered entirely using 3D graphics.

TYPES OF ANIMATION
Traditional animation

Traditional animation (also called cel animation or hand-drawn animation) was the process used for most animated films of the 20th century. The individual frames of a traditionally animated film are photographs of drawings, which are first drawn on paper. To create the illusion of movement, each drawing differs slightly from the one before it. The animators' drawings are traced or photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets called cels, which are filled in with paints in assigned colors or tones on the side opposite the line drawings. The completed character cels are photographed one-by-one onto motion picture film against a painted background by a rostrum camera.
The traditional cel animation process became obsolete by the beginning of the 21st century. Today, animators' drawings and the backgrounds are either scanned into or drawn directly into a computer system. Various software programs are used to color the drawings and simulate camera movement and effects. The final animated piece is output to one of several delivery media, including traditional 35 mm film and newer media such as digital video. The "look" of traditional cel animation is still preserved, and the character animators' work has remained essentially the same over the past 70 years. Some animation producers have used the term "tradigital" to describe cel animation which makes extensive use of computer technology.

Examples of traditionally animated feature films include Pinocchio (United States, 1940), Animal Farm (United Kingdom, 1954), and Akira (Japan, 1988). Traditional animated films which were produced with the aid of computer technology include The Lion King (US, 1994) Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi (Spirited Away) (Japan, 2001), and Les Triplettes de Belleville (France, 2003).
   Full animation refers to the process of producing high-quality traditionally animated films, which regularly use detailed drawings and plausible movement. Fully animated films can be done in a variety of styles, from more realistically animated works such as those produced by the Walt Disney studio (Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, Lion King) to the more 'cartoony' styles of those produced by the Warner Bros. animation studio. Many of the Disney animated features are examples of full animation, as are non-Disney works such as The Secret of NIMH (US, 1982), The Iron Giant (US, 1999), and Nocturna (Spain, 2007).
   Limited animation involves the use of less detailed and/or more stylized drawings and methods of movement. Pioneered by the artists at the American studio United Productions of America, limited animation can be used as a method of stylized artistic expression, as in Gerald McBoing Boing (US, 1951), Yellow Submarine (UK, 1968), and much of the anime produced in Japan. Its primary use, however, has been in producing cost-effective animated content for media such as television (the work of Hanna-Barbera, Filmation, and other TV animation studios) and later the Internet (web cartoons).
   Rotoscoping is a technique, patented by Max Fleischer in 1917, where animators trace live-action movement, frame by frame. The source film can be directly copied from actors' outlines into animated drawings, as in The Lord of the Rings (US, 1978), or used in a stylized and expressive manner, as in Waking Life (US, 2001) and A Scanner Darkly (US, 2006). Some other examples are: Fire and Ice (USA, 1983) and Heavy Metal (1981).
   Live-action/animation is a technique, when combining hand-drawn characters into live action shots. One of the earlier uses of it was Koko the Clown when Koko was drawn over live action footage. Other examples would include Who Framed Roger Rabbit (USA, 1988), Space Jam (USA, 1996) and Osmosis Jones (USA, 2002).
Stop motion animation
Stop-motion animation is used to describe animation created by physically manipulating real-world objects and photographing them one frame of film at a time to create the illusion of movement. There are many different types of stop-motion animation, usually named after the medium used to create the animation. Computer software is widely available to create this type of animation.
   Puppet animation typically involves stop-motion puppet figures interacting with each other in a constructed environment, in contrast to the real-world interaction in model animation. The puppets generally have an armature inside of them to keep them still and steady as well as constraining them to move at particular joints. Examples include The Tale of the Fox (France, 1937), The Nightmare Before Christmas (US, 1993), Corpse Bride (US, 2005), Coraline (US, 2009), the films of JiříTrnka and the TV series Robot Chicken (US, 2005–present).
   Clay animation, or Plasticine animation often abbreviated as claymation, uses figures made of clay or a similar malleable material to create stop-motion animation. The figures may have an armature or wire frame inside of them, similar to the related puppet animation (below), that can be manipulated to pose the figures. Alternatively, the figures may be made entirely of clay, such as in the films of Bruce Bickford, where clay creatures morph into a variety of different shapes. Examples of clay-animated works include The Gumby Show (US, 1957–1967) Morph shorts (UK, 1977–2000), Wallace and Gromit shorts (UK, as of 1989), Jan Švankmajer'sDimensions of Dialogue (Czechoslovakia, 1982), The Trap Door (UK, 1984). Films include Wallace &Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit, Chicken Run and The Adventures of Mark Twain.
   Cutout animation is a type of stop-motion animation produced by moving 2-dimensional pieces of material such as paper or cloth. Examples include Terry Gilliam's animated sequences from Monty Python's Flying Circus (UK, 1969–1974); Fantastic Planet (France/Czechoslovakia, 1973) ;Tale of Tales (Russia, 1979), The pilot episode of the TV series (and sometimes in episodes) of South Park (US, 1997).


                Silhouette animation is a variant of cutout animation in which the characters are backlit and only visible as silhouettes. Examples include The Adventures of Prince Achmed (Weimar Republic, 1926) and Princes et princesses (France, 2000).
                Model animation refers to stop-motion animation created to interact with and exist as a part of a live-action world. Intercutting, matte effects, and split screens are often employed to blend stop-motion characters or objects with live actors and settings. Examples include the work of Ray Harryhausen, as seen in films such Jason and the Argonauts (1963), and the work of Willis O'Brien on films such as King Kong (1933 film).
                Go motion is a variant of model animation which uses various techniques to create motion blur between frames of film, which is not present in traditional stop-motion. The technique was invented by Industrial Light & Magic and Phil Tippett to create special effects scenes for the film The Empire Strikes Back (1980). Another example is the dragon named Vermithrax from Dragonslayer (1981 film).
                Object animation refers to the use of regular inanimate objects in stop-motion animation, as opposed to specially created items.
                Graphic animation uses non-drawn flat visual graphic material (photographs, newspaper clippings, magazines, etc.), whichare sometimes manipulated frame-by-frame to create movement. At other times, the graphics remain stationary, while the stop-motion camera is moved to create on-screen action.
                Brickfilm A sub genre of object animation involving using LEGO or other similar brick toys to make an animation. These have had a recent boost in popularity with the advent of video sharing sites like YouTube, and the availability of cheap cameras, and animation software.

Pixilation involves the use of live humans as stop motion characters. This allows for a number of surreal effects, including disappearances and reappearances, allowing people to appear to slide across the ground, and other such effects. Examples of pixilation include The Secret Adventures of Tom Thumb and Angry Kid shorts.
Other animation techniques
   Drawn on film animation: a technique where footage is produced by creating the images directly on film stock, for example by Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage.
   Paint-on-glass animation: a technique for making animated films by manipulating slow drying oil paints on sheets of glass, for example by AleksandrPetrov.
   Pinscreen animation: makes use of a screen filled with movable pins, which can be moved in or out by pressing an object onto the screen. The screen is lit from the side so that the pins cast shadows. The technique has been used to create animated films with a range of textural effects difficult to achieve with traditional cel animation.
   Sand animation: sand is moved around on a back- or front-lighted piece of glass to create each frame for an animated film. This creates an interesting effect when animated because of the lightcontrast.
Flip book: A flip book (sometimes, especially in British English, called a flick book) is a book with a series of pictures that vary one page to the next, so that when the pages are turned rapidly, the pictures appear to animate by simulating motion or some other change. Software packages and websites are also available that convert digital video files into custom-made flip books.
An Egyptianburial chambermural, approximately 4000 years old, showingwrestlers in action. Even though this may appear similar to a series of animation drawings, there was no way of viewing the images in motion. It does, however, indicate the artist's intention of depicting motion.
Early examples of attempts to capture the phenomenon of motion drawing can be found in paleolithiccave paintings, where animals are depicted with multiple legs in superimposed positions, clearly attempting to convey the perception of motion.
A 5,000 year old earthen bowl found in Iran in Shahr-iSokhta has five images of a goat painted along the sides. This has been claimed to be an example of early animation. However, since no equipment existed to show the images in motion, such a series of images cannot be called animation in a true sense of the word.[1]
A Chinese zoetrope-type device had been invented in 180 AD.[2] The phenakistoscope, praxinoscope, and the common flip book were early popular animation devices invented during the 19th century.
These devices produced the appearance of movement from sequential drawings using technological means, but animation did not really develop much further until the advent of cinematography.
There is no single person who can be considered the "creator" of film animation, as there were several people working on projects which could be considered animation at about the same time.

Georges Méliès was a creator of special-effect films; he was generally one of the first people to use animation with his technique. He discovered a technique by accident which was to stop the camera rolling to change something in the scene, and then continue rolling the film. This idea was later known as stop-motion animation. Méliès discovered this technique accidentally when his camera broke down while shooting a bus driving by. When he had fixed the camera, a hearse happened to be passing by just as Méliès restarted rolling the film, his end result was that he had managed to make a bus transform into a hearse. This was just one of the great contributors to animation in the early years.
The earliest surviving stop-motion advertising film was an English short by Arthur Melbourne-Cooper called Matches: An Appeal (1899). Developed for the Bryant and May Matchsticks company, it involved stop-motion animation of wired-together matches writing a patriotic call to action on a blackboard.
J. Stuart Blackton was possibly the first American film-maker to use the techniques of stop-motion and hand-drawn animation. Introduced to film-making by Edison, he pioneered these concepts at the turn of the 20th century, with his first copyrighted work dated 1900. Several of his films, among them The Enchanted Drawing (1900) and Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906) were film versions of Blackton's "lightning artist" routine, and utilized modified versions of  early stop-motion techniques to make a series of blackboard drawings appear to move and reshape themselves. 'Humorous Phases of Funny Faces' is regularly cited as the first true animated film, and Blackton is considered the first true animator.
Another French artist, ÉmileCohl, began drawing cartoon strips and created a film in 1908 called Fantasmagorie. The film largely consisted of a stick figure moving about and encountering all manner of morphing objects, such as a wine bottle that transforms into a flower. There were also sections of live action where the animator’s hands would enter the scene. The film was created by drawing each frame on paper and then shooting each frame onto negative film, which gave the picture a blackboard look. This makes Fantasmagorie the first animated film created using what came to be known as traditional (hand-drawn) animation.
Following the successes of Blackton and Cohl, many other artists began experimenting with animation. One such artist was Winsor McCay, a successful newspaper cartoonist, who created detailed animations that required a team of artists and painstaking attention for detail. Each frame was drawn on paper; which invariably required backgrounds and characters to be redrawn and animated. Among McCay's most noted films are Little Nemo (1911), Gertie the Dinosaur (1914) and The Sinking of the Lusitania (1918).
The production of animated short films, typically referred to as "cartoons", became an industry of its own during the 1910s, and cartoon shorts were produced to be shown in movie theaters. The most successful early animation producer was John Randolph Bray, who, along with animatorEarl Hurd, patented the cel animation process which dominated the animation industry for the rest of the decade.
CONCEPT
         In a village there lived a new born small parrot in a tree, after seeing other birds, Parrot will got a wish to fly,, So very next day when it attempts to fly, it will fall down near a house, two girls from house will catch the parrot and they will put it to a cage. After few days the two girls will get confused whether parrot will fly and go somewhere or it again come to cage. When they opened cage, But after opening cage. Parrots will flew away and tell to girls that birds should not be in a cage, I should fly freely!!!
STEPS
Step 1
     Go to Start Menu and select  “Adobe flashCs4”
Step 2
    Now select action script3.0.

Step 3
     Now in the background a natural scene is drawn and row the home and trees were been drawn using pen tool and the appropriate colors have been applied.

Step 4
     Now inside the home the characters were drawn. By using the pen tool the characters are drawn.

Step 5
     Now a tree is drawn in opposite side of the home and now the tree is zoomed to upwards.

Step 6
     Now in the tree a baby parrot is waiting for the mother parrots.
This animation is done by frame by have and the pen tool is used to draw the parrots and gradient tool is tilled for the color.

Step 7
     Now a new frame is created in this frame the baby parrot is shown as trying to fly and other frames were created to perform the animation as the baby parrot is falling down by continuous of frame set.
Step 8
     Now a new shot is created by using many frames. Now in the background the door step was drawn and there the 2 small children’s were shown these were done by using pen tool and appropriate color is filled.

Step 9
Another scene is created by showing the baby parrot inside the cage in the home. In the background is filled by the gradient color. Now the cage is drawn using the pen tool and the gradients color is filled.
Step 10
     Now the new scene is created as the two small children are enjoying the visited of the baby parrot. This is done by a sequence of frames. Have the small childrenwere drawn using pen tool and appropriate color is filled.
The frames were ordered by showing the movement of the band towards the bird’s cage.

Step 11
     Now the scene denotes that the baby parrot is grown up. This is down as filling the gradient effect to the background and the parrot is drawn using pen tool and the color to the parrots is applied. Now the eye of the parrot is moved by pressing shift key +right arrow and the steps is reversed by pressing the shift key + left arrow mark this is done in single by exactly the 2 small children’s were drawn using pen tool and the color is filled.

Step 12
     With the same background the parrot is shown as flying out due to the girl opens the cage. This is drawn using pen tool and the appropriated color is filled. This is done by the sequence of frames.

Step 13
     Now a new scene is created and it is animated as the parrot is flying towards the free and talking with children here it is created is with same background the parrot is drawn using pen tool and appropriate color is given and animation is done by the sequence of frames and the animation is created.    

SOFTWARE
Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop is a graphics-editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Adobe's 2003 "Creative Suite" rebranding led to Adobe Photoshop 8's renaming to Adobe Photoshop CS. Thus, Adobe Photoshop CS5 is the 12th major release of Adobe Photoshop. The CS rebranding also resulted in Adobe offering numerous software packages containing multiple Adobe programs for a reduced price. Adobe Photoshop is released in two editions: Adobe Photoshop, and Adobe Photoshop Extended, with the Extended having extra 3D image creation, motion graphics editing, and advanced image analysis features. Adobe Photoshop Extended is included in all of Adobe's Creative Suite offerings except Design Standard, which includes the Adobe Photoshop edition.

ADOBE FLASH CS4
Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash) is a multimedia platform used to add animation, video, and interactivity to web pages. Flash is frequently used for advertisements, games and flash animations for broadcast. More recently, it has been positioned as a tool for "Rich Internet Applications" ("RIAs"). Flash manipulates vector and raster graphics to provide animation of text, drawings, and still images. It supports bidirectional streaming of audio and video, and it can capture user input via mouse, keyboard, microphone, and camera. Flash contains an object-oriented language called ActionScript and supports automation via the JavaScript Flash language (JSFL). Flash content may be displayed on various computer systems and devices, using Adobe Flash Player, which is available free of charge for common web browsers, some mobile phones, and a few other electronic devices (using Flash Lite). Some users feel that Flash enriches their web experience, while others find the extensive use of Flash animation, particularly in advertising, intrusive and annoying, giving rise to a cottage industry that specializes in blocking Flash content. Flash has also been criticized for adversely affecting the usability of web pages.
SCRIPT FOR PEYSUM KILI
SHOT NO.
AUDIO
VIDEO
SHOTS
      1.

Background music
Showing the house.
Zoom in
Shot
      2.
Background music
Showing the members of the house.
Zoom out
Shot
     3.
Background music
Showing the tree from bottom to top.
Tilt up shot

     4.
Background music
Small parrot sitting on the tree, big parrot is coming.
Mid shot
     5.
Amma: Haichellamenna ma navaruvean nu pathutirukiya.
Parrot: Nanumunnamathriparakunum nu asayairukuamma(after one day)
Showing the tree where two parrot talking.
Zoom in shot
     6.
Background music
Small parrot is trying to fly.
Mid shot
     7.
Background music
Parrot fall down.
Tilt down shot
     8.
Child: Ai kili
Showing the two children.
Mid shot
     9.
Background music
They have trapped the parrot in a cage.
Mid shot

    10.
Two sisters:1. Akkakiliyaveliyavidulama
2. Veliyavittaparanthurum, Rakkaiyaiveynumnavettivelieyvidalam.
1.Akka veyraengayumpogathukili, koonduku than varum.
2.Sari veyliyavidu.
Parrot: Ennaioreyoruthadavaithirumbaparakaveylieyvidunga.
Both of them are talking.
Zoom in
Shot
    11.
Background music
They are opening the cage.
Mid shot

    12.
Background music
Showing the parrot as flying.
Mid shot

    13.
Parrot: Engalaikoondukulaadaikathinga, nangaparaka than irukiromengalasugantharamaparakavidunga.
Parrot flew away.
Mid shot